How can EVCs operators determine a profitable energy selling price?
The proposed approach provides EVCS operators with tools to determine a profitable energy selling price and manage efficient charging and discharging schedules of the ESS installed in the EVCS while taking into account the operational characteristics of the EVCS and the comfort level of aggregated EV users.
Are electric vehicle charging stations profitable and efficient energy management?
Simulation results prove the profitability and efficient energy management of EVCSs. Profit maximization of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) operation yields an increasing investment for the deployment of EVCSs, thereby increasing the penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and supporting high-quality charging service to EV users.
How do DRL agents determine EVCs prices?
In the proposed framework, DRL agents using the soft actor–critic method determine the schedules of the profitable selling price and charging/discharging energy for EVCSs.
Do EVCs make a profit?
In general, the aforementioned time periods for high selling prices and the total energy demands of the EVCSs were consistent with the time periods in which the EVCSs significantly discharged energy to the EV users to make a profit. This phenomenon was verified by comparing Figs. 8 (a)– (e) and Figs. 10 (a)– (e). Fig. 10.
What is the set of scheduled charging and discharging energies of EVCs?
The set of scheduled charging and discharging energies of the EVCSs is denoted by E t ch/dch = E 1, t ch/dch, E 2, t ch/dch, , E n, t ch/dch, , E N, t ch/dch, where E n, t ch/dch represents the scheduled charging/discharging energy of EVCS n at time t.
Can chance constrained programming reduce EV charging costs?
From an operational perspective, an optimization approach using chance constrained programming was developed to minimize the charging costs of EVs in EVCSs with a PV system and an ESS while considering the uncertainty of load consumption and PV generation output .
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Discussion & Message Board
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