What is compressed air energy storage (CAES)?
Storage technologies are being developed to tackle this challenge. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a relatively mature technology with currently more attractive economics compared to other bulk energy storage systems capable of delivering tens of megawatts over several hours, such as pumped hydroelectric [1–3].
How do compressed air storage systems use energy?
The modeled compressed air storage systems use both electrical energy (to compress air and possibly to generate hydrogen) and heating energy provided by natural gas (only conventional CAES). We use three metrics to compare their energy use: heat rate, work ratio, and roundtrip exergy efficiency (storage efficiency).
How is high-pressure air stored?
The high-pressure and high-temperature air is cooled before being stored in an air reservoir. The thermal energy can be dissipated into the atmosphere, stored in TES, or used for heating applications. In the discharging process, stored high-pressure air is released whenever the electricity is required.
How does an air compressor work?
Electricity is supplied by the grid to run the air compressors and charge the storage system. Waste heat is released during the compression phase. Air is stored for later use—often in an underground cavern. During the discharge phase, compressed air is combusted with a fuel, and expanded in a turbine (expander) to regenerate electricity.
How does a HP compressor work?
The discharge of the HP compressor is fed into a high-temperature electrolyzer. Its heat is used to boil water, to heat up the generated steam to the constant temperature of the electrolyzer ( ), and to provide the heating energy required for the electrolysis process.
Where does CAES store compressed air?
Large-scale CAES stores compressed air in the reservoirs, typically in forms of underground geology such as abandoned mines, depleted gas fields, rock caverns, and aquifers with sufficient porosity and permeability [10, 29].
Developments of compressed air energy storage systems
This chapter aims to discuss the advancements related to compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. This involves investigating the main components required in a CAES system,
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